Review for Final Exam

Key terms and concepts to study for final exam:

·         What makes sunsets red? Light scatters in particles

·         Allotropes

·         Covalent bonds (vs. ionic bonds)

·         Carbon has four covalent bonds:  draw them for CH₄  or C₂H₆

·         Which are the lowest energy electromagnetic rays? Infrared (heat)

·         Photosynthesis is the opposite of respiration. What are the products of each?

·         What is the atmosphere made of?

·         What is 1 atmosphere of pressure at sea level?

·         Define isomers.

·         Explain separating compounds through Distillation by different boiling points

·         What is in rainwater that makes it acidic? CO₂

·         Define CFC’s and what they do to promote global warming.

·         How does carbon dioxide affect global warming?

·         Hydrocarbon boiling points increase as the number of carbon atoms increase. Why?

·         What produces CO2 and what uses it?

·         What is carbon monoxide (CO) and how is it produced?

·         Define a catalyst. Is it used up in a reaction?

·         Define fractional distillation and what it’s used for.

·         How much garbage does the average person create per day? 4-7 pounds

·         What byproducts come from manufacturing processes?

·         Kinetic vs. potential vs. chemical energy

·         Why doesn’t an upside down jar lower into water easily? (air)

·         What does it mean to “use up” chemicals?

·         Altitude is related to pressure. High altitude = less pressure

·         Molarity is solution concentration

·         Kjoules measure energy

·         When we extract a metal from an ore, are we oxidizing or reducing it?